Showing posts with label Training. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Training. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 14, 2016

The role of Business Analyst in designing UI/UX prototypes

''What is the role of business analyst in designing UI (User Interface) /UX (user experience) prototypes?' This was an interesting question asked of me to answer by a student. After responding, I thought of writing a detailed blog on this topic to cover many aspects of UI/UX design, as it is one of the most interesting but least visited topics. 

Most of the time, UI and UX are used interchangeably, however, they represent different areas. Let’s take a few minutes to understand and differentiate between them. 

User Interface (UI): User interface design focuses on better interaction with solutions and the design may focus on the placement of menu, look, and feel of the page. 

The goal of user interface design is to make the user's interaction as simple and efficient as possible, in terms of accomplishing user goals (user-centered design). Good user interface design facilitates finishing the task at hand without drawing unnecessary attention to itself. 

User Experience (UX): UX focuses on optimization of a software solution in terms of users' experiences and their feelings associated while interacting with the solution or product. It is human-computer interaction in a useful and meaningful way. For example, effortless identifying of the menus, flexible font size, usage of white space to declutter the website (and readers' minds), or using a familiar color (logo color) to enhance the product ownership. 


UI/UX Design Life Cycle.

User Need: This is an initial activity when need is identified. Business Analyst will understand the user problem or an opportunity. For that, business analyst will refer current state and other relevant documents to understand the current design and related issues and the focus area for proposed solutions.

Elicitation: There are no specific standards available for preparing the UI / UX designs. However, the business analyst can use standards that are specific to the project, their comfort level, and consideration of the internal and external usability standards that may be applicable. The requirements are split into requirements (descriptive text) and model/design (descriptive pictures/models). These are mentioned in IIBA's BABOK Guide version 3 You can use the same standards or customize as needed. 

Business analysts can elicit these requirements through design or models in collaboration with stakeholders and users. The business analyst can provide the details in the form of: 

Requirements: Functionality, features, and data needed in designing UI/UX Design. In addition, the user inputs these and validations needed for the same are also elicited. 

Organization policies and standards (internal and external): Internal policies will include the organization’s standards or policies for creating the UI and usability standards; for example, using colors, fonts, placement of items such as logos and menus, and so on. It will also include menu style, pagination, and navigation across sub-pages. While the external standards will include the standards specified by web browser (Safari 9.1.3 or Internet Explorer 10.0 etc...) operating system (Windows, Mac etc...), external agencies to whom you are sending or receiving feeds, and other requirements... These details need to be part of the requirement and provided to the designer for preparing the prototypes/wireframes. The design style will include menu style, pagination, and navigation across sub-pages. You can use a template/excel sheet to describe the details (for example: first name, input box, size, position) and provide them the basic design in MS Visio.

UI/UX Approach

Design/Prototype Approvals: Once the designs are prepared, the business analyst can use these designs/prototypes and the supporting materials (such as the excel sheet that was provided to technical person to create the prototypes) as a requirement to complete a mock-up and communicate them to the stakeholders. The stakeholders will review both the design and the supporting documents, and provide their feedback to improve, if needed. Once the changes are made and the designs are presented, they are required to verify and validate before starting the approval process. These designs and supporting documents become your verified and validated requirements for UI/UX.

At the end, the stakeholder preference will overrule all other standards in defining the UI/UX design. For example, do stakeholders prefer to follow industry standards such number of clicks for a functionality or detailed functionality, standard placement of menu over customized menu, and more.

User Acceptance (Validation): Ensure that all the windows are prepared and connected; i.e., the flow of the requirement screen by screen using all the flows mentioned in the FRD (basic flow, alternate flow, and exceptions). Some business analysts are creating this type of wireframe. But it is an option, as they can get these completed by the technical person.

Deliver: These approved designs are delivered along with supporting requirements to the technical team to develop. Once the development is completed, they are tested and deployed.

Enrich and Enhance: Once the solution settles in user community (production environment, website, or product delivery/acceptance) with no new bugs or issues reported, the enrichment and enhancement will begin as needed. UI/UX is most dynamic interface in comparison  to other part in solution architecture.  

Principles of UI/UX Design:

UI/UX design principle
Consumer apps can be trendy and catchy to appeal to the customers and business analyst can expect fewer formalities or standards used in these types of apps.

Summary: The UI/UX designs depend on the types of app or solution and stakeholders or user preference.

The designs are presented, reviewed, and confirmed before they enter into the development phase.

Friday, June 10, 2016

What is the difference between incident and problem?

Based on ITIL standards,

Incident - An incident is an unplanned disruption or degradation of service.

Problem - A problem is a cause of one or more incidents.

Incident Management
It’s considered as incident only it extends and impact on regular business process. They are flagged as emergency if they impact on critical services.
It needs to be resolved immediately.
It can be resolved using either permeant or temporary fix
Incidents can turn into a problem when it reoccurs or likely to reoccur.

Problem Management
Unresolved and repeated incidents become a problem that needs long terms fix.
A problem need policies and/process to resolve it to prevent it from reoccurring it.
Problem may be known or unknown
It can be remained unsolved or used an alternate option if the cost of resolving the solution is higher than the benefits it would bring in. (cost vs benefit analysis)

Incident vs problem.

Incident: If your 3 years phone breaks down, you need to fix it as you haven’t taken a backup. The technician fix it for you for USD 40.

Problem: There is battery and other hardware component issue, so the technician ask you to replace battery and the other component that combined would cost you USD 180. While the current value of your phone is USD 150 that you originally bought it for USD 500 as a newly launched model at that time)

You may take a backup immediately and make a decision if you want to fix your phone or buy the same model that now would cost you USD 350 (because, currently there is a new model in market).

If you read the example carefully, you understand that the incident needs immediate fix and problem can be prolonged till next incident occurs or you are ready to resolve it using other options (buying new battery and component or new phone, either the same model or new model). However, you will keep a close watch (i.e. taking backup regular or preparing yourself the new phone ) since you are aware of the problem due to the past incident.

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Saturday, March 19, 2016

Business Analysis: Basics of Investment Banking Domain - part 1

Business Analysis is relatively matured professional field having adequate research done in last decade and having clear industry standards defined by few institutes for business analysis and also brought more clarity to business analyst role. Obviously, the next level for a business analysts would be creating a niche for themselves in the field.

This blog provides guidance on what business analyst need to know to build a successful career in investment baking domain. This blog provides high-level information about investment banking domain for a business analyst who is new to the domain.


Although Investment Banking domain is vast, but his article helps you in selecting and understanding the major area(sub-domain) you wish to focus on in future.


Please note that this blog throws only high-lights over the domain information for your understanding and further reading highly recommended to understand and master the topic.


History: 

The investment banking has not started with some act 1933 or with one of the old banks...The New York Stock Exchange originated in May 1792 under a buttonwood tree at 68, wall street.

Investment Banks have changed drastically since last century that offered services mainly focused on raising capital and straggles in merger and acquisitions. Currently they wide range of products and services to issuing and investing clients. This including strategic advice, buying and selling investments products, raising capital, offering public and private investment market place, Trading securities, advising corporates on merger and acquisition, launching IPO and much more...to broad client base, from high net worth individuals to big business houses.


Let us understand the financial products and services...


Products:

Financing(Capital Raising):
  • Capital Financing(Individuals/Financial Institutions), 
  • Capital (Corporates)
  • Bond underwriting  (Governments)
  • Principal Advisor (Proprietary)
Markets (Capital Market services):
  • Market Maker Broker (Individual/Financial Institutions)
  • Risk Management  (Corporates)
  • Government Dealer (Governments)
  • Proprietary Trading (Proprietary) 
Advisory Services(investments and Merger & Acquisition):
  • Sales and Research (Individual/ Financial Institutions)
  • Merger and Acquisition: (Corporates)
  • Privatisation Investment Partnership (proprietary)
Capital are raised through debt market (including high-yield bond market) or equity market (including new markets like the private equity markets)

Relationship Management and strategy:


There are various roles such as Super Banker, Coordinator of Product Specialists, Tandem RM (a generalist and an M & A banker), Functional RM (product specialists work as RMs for middle market clients) and so on...depending on the internal structure of the bank the role and responsibilities could change.


Trust generated through long term, transparent, fruitful association is only factor to strengthen the relationship.


Trading and Capital Market Activity:


Three different trading models:

  1. Over-The-Counter (OTC) market against organised exchanges
  2. Quote Driven market against order-driven markets
  3. Floor-based exchanges against electronic markets

Products: 


Over-the-counter

  • Equity-based products and activities include cash equities, equity options, warrants and swaps
  • Interest-rate products include fixed-income securities, government agencies, money markets and repos, swaps, futures, forwards-rate agreement (FRAs), options, caps and floors.
  • Currency related activities: customer-driven and discretionary foreign-exchange trading, cross-currency transactions, currency derivatives (currency options, forwards, futures and swaps)
  • Credit-based products include investment-grade, junk bonds and credit derivatives 
  • Mortgages include liquid products, asset-backed products, and structured products.
  • Commodity-based products and activities include commodity futures, options and forwards typified by underlying assets such as power assets, metals, oil products and so on...

Quote Driven Market: is based on quotation determined by market makers or dealers and investment bank plays vital role in quote driven system.


Order Driven Trades: are auction markets in which prices of the trade is determined by the publication of ordered shares. The stock exchanges such as NYSE, Bombay Stock Exchange or London Stock Exchange provide the platform for buyer and seller and the facility of electronic transmission of the trade and its execution.


Floor based Exchanges: The exchange house highly regulated market that lists registered instruments like stocks, bonds and derivatives and allows face-to-face broker meetings for conducting trading business.


Strategies in Trading: The trading strategies largely based on following few factors:


  • New players: New exchange houses or expansion of existing exchange houses: 
  • Supplier choice: Supplier has a choice to list their shares on any exchange place - one or more
  • Buyer choice: Buyer has a choice to buy from various market place, not restricted to one. They has option to trade cross-border.
  • Multiple options: Some of the investment banks are providing exclusive alternate services to trade and report transactions. 
  • Increased competitiveness: Empowering the exchanges to create competitiveness.  
Equity Research: This is extended services provided by financial organisations and investment banks who are suppose to educate clients on buy/sell recommendation. However, with advanced research facilities, the banks are offering advice to clients or institutional investors on various financial matters that may not be ethical sometimes...

Does research data needed on trading the equity that is publicly traded? why it is needed when all the information stated in public is correct(?) catch 22. In any way, the financial analyst are expected to provide information about investment and potential appreciation of the same using various financial models including complex system that helps the analyst to calculate the information using market data and provide the potential value that may not be absolute. Some time the calculation method or formula could be wrong that could have serious impact on forecasting the portfolio value.


The analyst and investor may use various data such as S & P calculation and credit rating to present P/E (Price/Earning) data is used to calculate P/E(Price/Estimated) value.


In addition, there are other methods to estimate the prices such as Discounted-Cash-flow or automated system using Monte-Carlo prediction tool...


Equity Offering:

Following are the various equity offering mechanisms.
  • IPO
  • Auction Mechanism 
  • Fixed Priced Offering
  • Book building Details
  • The Pre-filling Period 
  • Cooling Period

 Managing IPO is one big and challenging project for the investment banks...The IPO of Google or Alibaba were complex and highly challenging.


Fixed Income Business:The government and large corporates issues bond to raise funds. These bond are traded on global financial stocks. They are one of the key part of asset class in investment portfolio.

Bank typically help the government or large corporations to formulate the strategy of issuing, pricing, and distributing the securities. The bank also provide services to the buyer to arrange finance to buy these securities.

Types of Bond

Bond
The Domestic Bond Market
The foreign Bond Market
The Euro Bond Market
The Euro Dominated Bond Markets
Public and Private Issuers
Government Bonds(Treasury bill or Treasury notes)
Corporate Bonds

Issuing of Bonds: 

Following are the different way bonds can be issued.

New products:

  • Zero Coupon convertibles
  • Perpetual Debt
  • Subordinated Debt
  • Mezzanine Finance
  • High-yield Bonds
  • Structured-Financed Products
  • Collaterlized debt obligations
  • Credit Derivatives
  • Project Finance

Zero Coupon convertibles: The are convertible at the holder's option and do not pay a coupon. They are highly discounted and are known as zero coupon instruments. They are convertible bond, liquid yield option notes or LYONs.


Perpetual Debt: The perpetual debt issued by financial institutions has no maturity date, but pay regular interest. The issuer can buy them back.


Subordinated Debt: These are unsecured debt or preferences shares offering interest rates 2 to 5 percentage points.The junior bond are low on the priority of payment. interest is paid in the form of cash flow after the interest on senior bonds are paid, if money is left. They are used to finance pools of assets in a securitisation.


Mezzanine Finance:

High-yield Bonds
Structured-Financed Products
Collaterlized debt obligations
Credit Derivatives
Project Finance
Strategies in Fixed Income

The next blog will have more details on following topics:


Merger and Acquisition Business


Strategies of M & A


Hedge Fund and lather native Investments



You can any of the following path to again the domain knowledge.

- Part time MBA in Finance or CFA (when I was working in Investment Bank in Manhattan, many of my colleagues were doing it). I would prefer CFA over MBA as it is intense and highly focused. 

- Short term courses in Investment Banking Operations provided by universities or reputed institutes. for example - Executive Diploma/Certificate in Investment Banking - HKU or Investment Banking Operations Certificates (website: IOC) and many more in USA and UK. Many courses are provided online and classroom mode. 

- Self-study through books written by well-known authors, reputed websites such as wikipedia (check the reference sections), Investopedia - Educating the world about finance and more sources.


Please do not attend certification courses that are provided by private institues having no affiliation as they have no value later stage in your career i.e. mid-level and above.


#businessanalysis #businessanalyst #investmentbanking #investmentbankingdomain #domain #finance #career #certification #training #analyst #sandhyajane #anisantechnologies 

Friday, August 7, 2015

BAT (Business Acceptance Test) Vs UAT (User Acceptance Test):

BAT (Business Acceptance Testing) and UAT (User Acceptance Testing) are both much misunderstood terms that often end up getting used interchangeably. However, the two have completely varying meanings.

BAT (Business Acceptance Testing) is primarily focused on assessing the business requirement of an organization and deals with strategy. It is based on approach, dynamics, culture, information technology, statutory requirements, operational framework and customers. It seeks to meet business requirements in a specified business scenario against the Business Case.

One can use Solution Assessment and Validation tasks to validate a solution. If the solution/s consists of more life cycles, the V-model can be used to map the business acceptance criteria and relevant life cycle/iteration.

BAT is derived from business strategy or business requirements. It is directly related to an organization’s mission, goal and objectives. Such requirements are also called Business Requirements (BR) at a higher level. The BAT may include solution covering automated requirements, usability and manual processes. This could also involve ease of doing business or process reducing or altogether eliminating redundant, irrelevant steps/tasks in the process. This is also known as FFBT (Fit for Business Testing) and is conducted by Business Analysts working in that domain or department. It consists of main business requirements along with usability, including auto as well as manual processes.
Business Analysts can use SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats) or McKinesey’s 7 S Model or Balanced Score card for analyzing and implementing such requirements.
Business Acceptance Vs User Acceptance

User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is primarily focused on stakeholder or user or user group/s requirements in dealing with a solution. It could be in the form of additional functionality or special needs that may or may not have an impact in other areas.

This is derived from stakeholder requirements and enumerated in detail.

One can use UAT to verify if users or super users are satisfied about their requirements before moving the solution into user community (production environment). Carried out by end-users or testers, this concentrates on meeting customer requirements and is mapped on to the Requirement Document.

The UAT will have functional as well as non-functional requirements (stress, performance, reliability, etc.) to be tested.

UAT is more of an IT oriented test to check if the developed solution satisfies user requirements such as delivery of a new functionality to fulfill users’ need and expectations such as a new workflow or a new field with predefined values.

There are also additional requirements like user clicks in the field and prompt values to be selected to help users save time. For example, when a user adds a zip code, the city and state name should appear automatically in the next fields.

The client and customer ensure that solution satisfies the contractual acceptance criteria before signing off the project upon successful conduct of UAT.

UAT is also used to validate requirements before designing a solution.

References: Business Analysis Book from BCS and www.iee.org

To know more about Business Analysis, read 'Business Analysis: The Question And Answer Book'. This is available on Amazon worldwide in eBook and Paperback version.

Business Analysis - The Question And Answer Book. It is the way you can understand all... over 200 questions and elaborated answers.

This clears your concepts about strategy, business change, business analysis and solution implementation.


In India Order link https://www.amazon.in/dp/B074PRQQ5V or Global Order link https://www.amazon.com/dp/B074PRQQ5V

Business Analysis: The Question And Answer Book

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Saturday, May 30, 2015

5 myth about Business Analysis

Having interacted with several Business Analysts during my years in the Investment Banking industry, I find that only a very few really understand the intricacies of Business Analysis.

I am therefore proceeding to share a few myths and facts around it.

1. Domain knowledge is secondary
Domain knowledge is the most important factor. However, Business Analysts belonging to a technical background often feel that domain or business knowledge isn't that important in effective discharge of their role. Well, that’s completely untrue. IT solutions are only meant to facilitate in improving the overall business. Therefore, Business Analysts must first thoroughly attempt to understand the business before offering any solutions.

If a Business Analyst barely grasps intricacies of his domain, how will he either make suggestions to improve the business processes or launch new products?

2. Tools are more important
Tools are important as they help in creation of artefacts in a comprehensible format. Diagrams or pictorial representations help us to better understand complex requirements or processes. We are all aware that client or business side professionals usually avail of commonly available tools such as MSOffice, Share Point, MS Project, Visio and at times Business Object for fulfilling their requirements as information technology not being their core business only serves to act as a facilitator. However, vendors such an IT company, usually have most advanced tools and technology at their disposal in order to manage projects in their realm.

Analysts must, therefore, either focus on tools that are easily available to their stakeholders or convert any artefact into an easily and widely shared file.

For instance, the 19th century Russian writer, Leo Tolstoy writing on paper cannot be superior to a novelist writing on an iPad. At the end of the day, it is the story and its presentation that matter. Of course, technology does play a role in movie making business when sophisticated CGI (computer generated imagery) is used to bring even the hitherto unthinkable images alive on the silver screen.

3. Stakeholders hate new ideas
Business Analyst must understand a stakeholders’ point of view. Any drastic overhaul might only serve to jeopardise well entrenched processes.

4. Technical knowledge is must
Technical know-how is essential. We need to understand what a programmer is doing or how he is she or he working to incorporate your requirement. However, we need not step on to their role and do it ourselves as that will only culminate in your rubbing everyone else around you in a wrong way.

5. Requirement specifications for generating reports must commence development work starts.
No, that usually starts with a business needs documents. It gradually enriches and evolves through discussion held in the initial phases (requirement elicitation and management phases) of the of project life. Although it is completed before a solution is validated before development, it is an ongoing process where requirement is identified through discussions.

It is a fact that what we visualise initially will change to create a clear demarcation between estimation and actual.

I have many more examples up my sleeve. But for a start, these are good enough to start exploring new dimensions in order to broaden your thought process.

Good Luck!

--------------
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Tuesday, May 19, 2015

The importance of data repository in impact analysis.

Handling the change in business processes is one of the most difficult tasks faced by the large corporates, as the impact of change is unpredicted even after the change management team follows the standard process diligently to measure the impact of change in business process. Thus, making it more tedious and time consuming leading to the competitive disadvantage over small companies. On other hand, the small companies, including start-up have advantage of being agile in handling their business process changes effectively and creating a sizeable hole in their competitors who are large businesses providing combined and complex business solution. Although not noticeable initially, but it is creating an impact slowly and steadily. For example, mobile app companies or crow-funding companies are making their presence felt against large corporations.

The process would be less challenging, if the current common practice of using a commercial tool that uses fragmented data on change history to measure the impact for a change in business process were done comprehensively. For that, the common practice of maintaining the impact data as part of project files categorized under change management or requirement management and/or configuration management needs to be changed. Because, analyst or concern person who is incorporating the impact data in the analysis is mostly retrieving and processing it in manual or semi-automated way mostly using latest few versions based on analysts’ analytical ability and business expertise’s recommendations. The manual retrieval and large data in impact analysis could lead to an uncertain situation or incorrect result in future.

However, considering the frequency and urgency of change implantation in business-IT process, it would be recommended to use the automated tool to create a repository of change and compute its impact analysis to deal with fast paced dynamic business environment to stay ahead in the competition.

There is a real need for a tool that can provide a repository of complex mathematical calculation, business process and complete history of impact of changes to predict the impact in future change using various mathematical and technical calculations based historical data on change management. In addition, it can also use the human the ‘human workflow’, dealing with roles, task, emergencies, and exception related details for decision-making process and product life cycle (single and collaborative), virtualization mark-up, and collaboration internal and external business data for creative effective engineering for change management process.

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Friday, October 24, 2014

Which Business Analysis Certificate Suits Your Business Analyst Career Need? - Part II (Mid Level)

Continuing with my previous blog on comparative study on certification options available for launching a Business Analysis Career successfully, here, I am presenting the comparative study to help you to identify your mid-level career needs by selecting the correct certification to stay ahead. 
This comparative study will also help a BA professional to understand the certification in terms of the syllabus to strengthen and validate Business Analysis knowledge and skills and its acceptance level. 
This blog is also important to IT recruiters in understanding the value of "Certifications" presented by potential employees to align their recruitment needs.


Although the chart contains the data about all the institutes mentioned previously, the real comparison is between BCS (ISEB), UK, IIBA, Canada and IREB, Germany as PMI and Universities offer ONLY one level of certification currently.

Comparison Chart of Certificate options available for Business Analyst at mid-level:
BA Certificate Options available at mid-level



Please refer to the following pics for prerequisites for an International Diploma in Business Analysis offered by BCS, UK.





To refer to entry-level certificate options, please visit my previous blog by clicking this link: Which Business Analysis Certificate Suits YourBusiness Analyst Career Need? - Part I (Entry Level) (http://businessanalysis-anisan.blogspot.hk/2014/10/which-business-analysis-certificate2.html)


Disclaimer:  This chart is provided as an independent professional and is purely compared to the data available on their official website. Please note that these websites were accessed during the time period of September 10, 2014 through October 25, 2014.


I recommend everyone visit their website to check the latest updates or verify with officials for clarifying doubts, if any.

Business Analysis - The Question And Answer Book. It is the way you can understand all... over 200 questions and elaborated answers for you to prepare for interviews and certifications.

In India Order link https://www.amazon.in/dp/B074PRQQ5V or Global Order link https://www.amazon.com/dp/B074PRQQ5V

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